Laboratory measurements of plasma lipids (principally cholesterol and triglycerides) and
lipoprotein lipids (principally low-density lipoprotein [LDL] and high-density lipoprotein [HDL]
cholesterol) have been the cornerstone of the clinical assessment and management of
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk since the Friedewald formula was
introduced in 1972 for estimating LDL cholesterol [1]. The lipoprotein particles that carry
cholesterol and triglycerides in the bloodstream are the direct mediators of the …