The role of endogenous inducers of inflammation is poorly understood. To produce the
proinflammatory master cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, macrophages need double stimulation
with ligands to both Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for IL-1β gene transcription and nucleotide-
binding oligomerization domain-like receptors for activation of the inflammasome. It is
particularly intriguing to define how this complex regulation is mediated in the absence of an
infectious trigger. Biglycan, a ubiquitous leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan of the extracellular …